★ Hephaestus
Was the lame, ugly god of crafts, a skilled artisan who created many wonderful things. He was injured by his father, Zeus, for defending Hera in a quarrel. He was identified with the Latin god Vulcan, a deity of volcanic fire.
★ succession 接續
★ rhetoric (n.) 辯才
★ Fertile Crescent 肥沃月灣(指中東兩河流域的一片肥沃的弧形地區)
★ Augustus
Imperator Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus, 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14 is considered the first emperor of the Roman Empire, which he ruled alone from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD. Born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, he was adopted posthumously by his great-uncle Gaius Julius Caesar in 44 BC via his last will and testament, and between then and 27 BC was officially named Gaius Julius Caesar.
★ arbitrary(adj.) 武斷的，反覆無常的，獨斷的
★ capricious(adj.) 善變的，任性的
★ impiety (n.) 無信仰，不虔誠
★ diaspora (n.) 海外猶太人聚居之所，(任何族群的)大移居
★ monotheistic (adj.) 一神論的，一神教的
★ oligarchy (n.) 寡頭政治，實行寡頭政治的國家
★ millennium (n.) 千年期，千禧年
★ Mediterranean (n.) 地中海 (adj.) 地中海的
★ rotten to the core 爛到骨子裡去
★ pre-先前
Ex: predecessor
★ Vocabularies：
1. colonnade(n)列柱, 柱廊
(1)definition : colonnade, column
2. sparrow(n)麻雀 (2)example : There are some sparrows in the square.
3. shudder(v)發抖, 戰慄
(1)definition : an instance of shaking involuntarily with fear or cold
(2)example : a shudder ran through him as he stepped outside into the snow
4. astronomy(n)天文學
(1)definition : star arrangement
(2)example : He majors in astronomy.
5. meteorology(n)氣象學
(1)definition : treatise on celestial phenomena
(2)example : He majors in meteorology.
6. metaphysics(n)純粹哲學; 形而上學; 抽象論; 玄學
(1)definition : branch of speculation which deals with the first causes of things
(2)example : I like metaphysics.
7. ethics(n)倫理學, 道德學
(1)definition : the code of good conduct for an individual or group
(2)example : the ethics of scouting require scouts to be loyal, clean, and reverent
8. empirical(a)以經驗(或觀察)為依據的; 經驗主義的
(1)definition : based on observation or experience
(2)example : guidelines for raising children that are based on empirical evidence
9. exhaustive(a) 徹底的; 詳盡無疑的
(1)definition : trying all possibilities
(2)example : after an exhaustive search of our house, we still hadn't found the cat
10. impart(v)分給; 給予; 傳授
(1)definition : to cause (something) to pass from one to another
(2)example : imparted the latest information on the approaching snowstorm
11. puppet(n)木偶; 玩偶
(1)definition : a small figure often of a human being used especially as a child's plaything
(2)example : gave her a puppet with strings for a gift
12. implement(n)工具; 器具; 用具
(1)definition : an article intended for use in work
(2)example : The store supplies agricultural implements.
13. elite(n)精華; 精英; 優秀分子
(1)definition : individuals carefully selected as being the best of a class
(2)example : the winners of this science award represent the elite of our high schools
14. inaugurate(v)為...舉行就職典禮, 使正式就任
(1)definition : to be responsible for the creation and early operation or use of
(2)example : inaugurated the college's athletic program for women
15. farewell(int.)再會! 別了!
(1)definition : given, taken, or performed at parting
(2)example : the singer's farewell tour seemed to last almost as long as her entire career
16. soothsayer(n)預言者
(1)definition : one who predicts future events or developments
(2)example : a soothsayer predicted that I would meet the man of my dreams online, assuming of course that I became a subscriber to the Web site's dating service
17. buffoonery(n)滑稽; 詼諧
(1)definition : wildly playful or mischievous behavior
(2)example : their madcap buffoonery turned the duo into the nation's hottest comedy
18. acclimatization(n)服水土, 適應性
19. madden(v)使瘋狂; 使暴怒; 使激動
(1)definition : to cause to go insane or as if insane
(2)example : the endless swarms of mosquitoes all but maddened the explorers
20. dwelling(n)住處, 住宅, 寓所
(1)definition : the place where one lives
(2)example : the simple dwellings in which the Pilgrims spent the first winter at Plymouth
21. obscurity(n)暗淡; 朦朧
(1)definition : the quality or state of having a veiled or uncertain meaning
(2)example : the 16th-century astrologer's predictions are so filled with obscurity that people can interpret them any way they want
22. artefact(n)人工製品; 加工品
(1)definition : anything made by human art
(2)example : She bought a lot of artefact.
23. commander(n)指揮官, 司令官
(1)definition : one in official command especially of a military force or base
(2)example : The commander in chief reviewed his troops
24. equivalent(a)相等的, 相同的
(1)definition : one that is equal to another in status, achievement, or value
(2)example : His reply is equivalent to a refusal.
25. intercourse(n)【書】往來; 交往; 交際
(1)definition : doings between individuals or groups
(2)example : the niceties of social intercourse are lost on that nerd
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